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Les boissons alcoolisées, et leur consommation nocive, sont depuis toujours un trait commun des sociétés humaines. L’alcool est l’une des premières causes de morbidité et de mortalité prématurée dans le monde. Il est en effet à l’origine d’un décès sur 17, et d’une proportion importante de handicaps, surtout chez les hommes. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, la consommation d’alcool est près de deux fois supérieure à la moyenne mondiale. Son coût social est estimé à plus de 1 % du PIB dans les pays à revenu élevé et intermédiaire. Quand elle n’est pas liée à une dépendance, la consommation d’alcool est un choix individuel, déterminé par des normes sociales et associé de fortes connotations culturelles. Cela se traduit par des schémas uniques de disparités sociales face à la consommation d’alcool, les plus aisés étant dans certains cas plus enclins à boire dangereusement, et par une polarisation des problèmes de consommation excessive aux deux extrémités du spectre social. Certaines habitudes de consommation d’alcool ont un impact social, ce qui justifie amplement sur le plan économique le fait que les pouvoirs publics cherchent à influencer les comportements en prenant des mesures axées sur la réduction des préjudices, y compris ceux subis par les personnes autres que les consommateurs. Certaines stratégies sont plus efficaces et judicieuses que d’autres, selon qu’elles parviennent à faire évoluer les normes sociales et à cibler les groupes les plus vulnérables. La présente publication examine dans le détail les tendances et les disparités sociales liées à la consommation d’alcool. Elle présente en outre une vaste analyse des effets sanitaires, sociaux et économiques des principales politiques de lutte contre les méfaits de l’alcool dans trois pays de l’OCDE (Allemagne, Canada et République tchèque), et dégage des messages pertinents pour l’action des pouvoirs publics dans un plus grand nombre de pays.  

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Alcohol --- Health aspects. --- Drinking alcohol --- Grain alcohol --- Potable alcohol --- Intoxicants --- Alcohols

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Alcohol and caffeine are deeply woven into the fabric of life for most of the world's population, as close and as comfortable as a cup of coffee or a can of beer. Yet for most people they remain as mysterious and unpredictable as the spirits they were once thought to be. Now, in Buzz, Stephen Braun takes us on a myth-shattering tour of these two popular substances, one that blends fascinating science with colorful lore, and that includes cameo appearances by Shakespeare and Balzac, Buddhist monks and Arabian goat herders, even Mikhail Gorbachev and David Letterman (who once quipped, ""If it we

Alcohol --- Caffeine --- Coffeine --- Dihydrotrimethylpurinedione --- Guaranine --- Methyltheobromine --- Theine --- Trimethyldihydropurinedione --- Trimethyldioxopurine --- Trimethylxanthine --- Coffee --- Methylxanthines --- Tea --- Xanthine --- Drinking alcohol --- Grain alcohol --- Potable alcohol --- Intoxicants --- Alcohols

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Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is one of the most ubiquitous chemical compounds in the history of the chemical sciences. The generation of alcohol via fermentation is also one of the oldest forms of chemical technology, with the production of fermented beverages such as mead, beer, and wine predating the smelting of metals. By the 12th century, the ability to isolate alcohol from wine had moved this chemical species from a simple component of alcoholic beverages to both a new medicine and a powerful new solvent. Of course, this also began the long tradition of production of liqueurs and strong spirits for consumption. The use of alcohol as a fuel, however, did not occur until significantly later periods. This volume presents a general overview of the early history and chemistry of alcohol production and isolation, as well as a discussion of its early uses in both the chemical arts and medicine.

Chemistry. --- Alcohol --- Chemistry, Organic. --- History. --- Physical sciences --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Drinking alcohol --- Grain alcohol --- Potable alcohol --- Intoxicants --- Alcohols --- Organic Chemistry. --- History of Science. --- History, general. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Organic chemistry.

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According to the popular press in the mid twentieth century, American women, in a misguided attempt to act like men in work and leisure, were drinking more. "Lady Lushes" were becoming a widespread social phenomenon. From the glamorous hard-drinking flapper of the 1920s to the disgraced and alcoholic wife and mother played by Lee Remick in the 1962 film "Days of Wine and Roses," alcohol consumption by American women has been seen as both a prerogative and as a threat to health, happiness, and the social order. In Lady Lushes, medical historian Michelle L. McClellan traces the story of the female alcoholic from the late-nineteenth through the twentieth century. She draws on a range of sources to demonstrate the persistence of the belief that alcohol use is antithetical to an idealized feminine role, particularly one that glorifies motherhood. Lady Lushes offers a fresh perspective on the importance of gender role ideology in the formation of medical knowledge and authority.

Women --- Women alcoholics --- Alcoholism --- Addiction to alcohol --- Alcohol abuse --- Alcohol intoxication --- Dipsomania --- Drinking problem --- Drunkenness --- Inebriety --- Intemperance --- Intoxication --- Jellinek's disease --- Liquor problem --- Substance abuse --- Temperance --- Controlled drinking --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Alcoholics --- Alcohol use --- History. --- Intoxication, Alcohol --- drinking, alcohol, drinking alcohol, beer, wine, scoth, brandy, whiskey, liquor, liquer, women, alcoholic, alcoholism, AA, alcoholics anonymous, drunk, gender, women drinking, lush, tipsy, buzzed, drunkard, blackout, black-out.

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Oncology. Neoplasms --- Toxicology --- Alcohol Drinking. --- Alcoholic Beverages --- Neoplasms --- Alcohol Consumption --- Drinking, Alcohol --- Consumption, Alcohol --- Drinking --- adverse effects. --- chemically induced. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Alcohol Drinking Habits --- Alcohol Drinking Habit --- Drinking Habit, Alcohol --- Drinking Habits, Alcohol --- Habit, Alcohol Drinking --- Habits, Alcohol Drinking --- Alcohol Intake --- Alcohol Intakes --- Intake, Alcohol --- Alcohol Drinking --- adverse effects --- chemically induced --- ALCOHOL DRINKING --- ALCOLOHOLIC BEVERAGES --- ALCOHOLISM --- NEOPLASMS --- COMPLICATIONS --- ETIOLOGY